The second language Essay Example for Free

The second language Essay The second language has one of its toughest influences in most of the third world countries where even the national language is the one that was imposed by the colonizer. It is a common trend that in most British colonies the language of the population is English. In most of these cases the foreign national language does not find a friendly ground with the native language. No wonder the third world inhabitants have a formed opinion that learning and acquiring this foreign language is being educated. (Heath and Mangiola cv, 1991) Â  The so called ‘first day in school’ (Knapp and Shields, 1990) is most stressing in the third world than it will anywhere else. Apart from the harassment from the old children in school, the toddler finds to its amazement that the language it will have to be acquainted to a completely new one from the common native language it is used to. The fact that in these parts of the world the whole curriculum is based on that one man who colonized this place complicates the whole process of learning. It must be admitted here that the famous failing of exams in the developing worlds is not always because of the poor teaching tactics of this teacher in class but most probably because of the failure of this boy and girl to have a grasp of the language of the curriculum which is a foreign one mostly(Heath, 1991). Â  It is most obvious that most of the discussion will be based in the third world scope because its here that the native languages are still not developed in documentaries and that any form of communication at the national level has to in a foreign language recognized as the language of the masses .Going across Africa there is varied or a wide range of languages. Because of colonization, the different communities in these parts of the world and the other parts of third world including the Latin America, the Caribbean and Asia the issue of the second language has pressed so hard on the population. Because many of these countries have many tribes, the only common language they can use for official purposes is the language of the colonizer. Probably this is the main reason why Uganda, Kenya,Tanzania,Nigeria,Trinidad and Tobago and United States of America to name but a few have English as a national and official language . Britain was the colonial master of all of these nations. (Garcia and It will be very clear to give the influence of this second language by looking at an example in East Africa. In this region it is not taxing to tell a Ugandan from a Kenyan and the later will be told quite easily from their Tanzanian counterparts. Going deep further to individual countries, it is possible to tell a member of one tribe from another member of the second tribe. That this people make errors during communication is not a problem of their own making but because of their language of birth. For example for a native Lake Victoria ,the Luo tribe of Kenya, the word ‘fish’ is pronounced as , word ‘good’ goes as ‘ngood’ and drive as ndrive. To the Ugandan, the word ‘government’ is pronounced as ‘gafriment’.

Abrams and Tintern Abbey Essay -- Essays Papers

Abrams and Tintern Abbey In his essay, "Structure and Style in the Greater Romantic Lyric," critic M.H.Abrams describes a paradigm for the longer Romantic lyric of which Wordsworth's "Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey" is an example. First, some of the poems are either identified as odes in the title, or, as Abrams states "approach the ode in having lyric magnitude and a serious subject, feelingfully meditated." (201) The narrator of "Tintern Abbey" expresses deep sensations as he views a landscape familiar from his youth, the emotions and memories evoked lead to wider moral and philosophical cogitations. The prototypical lyric, Abrams continues, "present a determinate speaker in a particularized, and usually a localized, outdoor setting." (201) Indeed, Wordsworth's title specifically identifies the site of which the narrator speaks, it is "a few miles above Tintern Abbey, on the banks of the Wye." The narrators of these poems, continues Abrams, speak in "a fluent vernacular which rises easily to a more formal speech, a sustained colloquy, sometimes with himself or with the outer scene, but more frequently with a silent human auditor, present or absent." (201) "Tintern Abbey" begins with an informal statement, a sudden "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings": "Five years have passed; five summers, with the length / Of five long winters! And again I hear / These waters" (1-3); then gradually builds to more studied speech appropriate for philosophical ruminations: "For I have learned / To look on nature, not as in the hour / Of thoughtless youth, but hearing oftentimes / The still, sad music of humanity; / Nor harsh nor grating, though of ample power / to chasten and subdue" (89-94). The narrator is speaking to a... ...e scenes of Nature shared together will be stored in their memories to draw out at a later date to be used as a sort of non-pharmaceutical anti-depressant: "Oh, then, / If solitude, or fear, or pain, or grief, / Should be thy portion, with what healing thoughts / Of tender joy wilt thou remember me, / And these my exhortations!" (143-147) Required Texts W. Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge. Lyrical Ballads. (1798, 1800, 1802) Ed. R.L. Brett & A.R. Jones. Routledge, 1992. William Wordsworth, The Prelude: 1799, 1805, 1850. Eds. J. Wordsworth, M.H. Abrams & S. Gill. Norton, 1979. William Wordsworth: The major Works. Ed. S. Gill. Oxford, 1984/2000 Thomas Hardy, The Woodlanders. Ed. D. Kramer. Oxford, 2001. Norman Maclean, A River Runs Through It. Chicago, 1989. Neal Stephenson, The Diamond Age; or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer. Bantam Reprint, 2000

How Nothing’s Changed and Two Scavengers deal with social injustices Essay

Both â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† and â€Å"Two Scavengers† deal with social injustices, however, there are some big differences between them. â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† is set in Cape Town, Africa and focuses on the segregation of black and white people, after an apartheid was made. It is an autobiographical poem by Tatumkhulu Afrika. The poem is about how District Six used to be a place for blacks and whites to live together. But when that changed, Tatumkhulu left in anger (and prison). Now he has returned to his old home after many years and has discovered that the segregation has gotten wider and worse. The social injustice in the poem is the black and white segregation. On the other hand, â€Å"Two Scavengers† deals with the social segregation between the classes in America. At a set of traffic lights, early in the morning (9am), a garbage truck has stopped next to a couple in a Mercedes. The garbage men then ponder on the class system and how they are less respected by people like this couple. They wonder if they’d ever be seen as equals as they wonder if the democracy of America really works. The social injustice in the poem is the way the different classes are each treated differently. The first stanza of â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† is setting the scene as the writer walks towards his old home. We can tell that the area is now a wasteland by what the writer treads over (like the cans and weeds) on his walk back home. We can tell he’s angry from how his old home has turned out from when he says, â€Å"The hot, white, inwards turning anger of my eyes†, as he knows he has returned home. Although all of the stanzas use commas a lot, the second stanza uses â€Å"and† after each comma. I feel that the commas are used to in order to add more expression as you read, and as you pause at each comma, you wonder what’s coming next, thus creating suspense even though, in my opinion, the poem is not that exciting or interesting enough for it to have any use. On the other hand, the â€Å"ands† that are used throughout the second stanza, instead picks up the pace as we experience what he is going through at the same time that he is going through his feeling, since the poem is wrote in first person, as if he is actually reliving these memories, making us feel more emotional and connected to the writer. In the fourth stanza, there is only one line, but one that I feel is a very important line for comparing the poems.†No sign says it is: but we know where we belong†.This line shows us that although no one is saying that whites are treated better (new restaurant) than blacks (working man’s cafà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½), this line shows us that the blacks know that the segregation is still there. The writer says of how his, â€Å"Hands burn for a stone, a bomb, to shiver down the glass† of the whites only restaurant. We know that this is the same reason why the writer was sent. to prison all those years ago, but we are unsure whether this is that memory he is â€Å"reliving† or if he is speaking of the present day.The next and final sentence of the poem has the writer commenting that, â€Å"Nothing’s Changed†. This, I’d like to believe, tells us that, either way, the writer is willing to risk prison (or worse?) in order to vent his anger at the segregation. The first stanza of â€Å"Two Scavengers† sets the scene by introducing us to the characters and telling us what they are doing.The garbage truck is described as â€Å"bright yellow† while the garbage men are described wearing â€Å"red plastic blazers†, both of which would stand out anywhere in San Francisco at nine in the morning. I feel that this tells us that no matter how hard the government might try to â€Å"hide† the garbage men, they are going to get noticed at some point. The writer says of the garbage men, â€Å"one on each side hanging on†, in reference to where they are on the garbage truck (back stoop).This makes me think that the writer is trying to make out that the men are struggling to hold on to this job, even though it is such a looked down upon job. The writer then says that the two garbage men are â€Å"looking down into an elegant open Mercedes with an elegant couple in it†. In that section, the writer has took the literal meaning of â€Å"looking down† but we also think of the figurative meaning and then are meant to wonder if the garbage men are in fact better people than the couple and so their position should be swapped. From the fact we know that the couple are heading to his architect’s office while the garbage men are on their journey home, shows us that the couple and garbage men are like night and day, both there, but never at the same time. This emphasizes the segregation between the different classes. In the second stanza, the writer describes the older of the two garbage men as some â€Å"gargoyle Quasimodo†, Quasimodo being the title character of â€Å"The Hunchback of Notre Dame†, the main theme of the book being the cruelty of social injustice.Quasimodo led a tragic life, being kind and loving despite his ugliness. However, he dies of a broken heart. Quasimodo means â€Å"almost finished† or â€Å"half made†.From this, I believe that the writer is backing up my point about the garbage men perhaps being better people than the couple and that what we are seeing of the garbage men is only the tip (no pun intended) of the iceberg. In the second stanza, the writer describes the older of the two garbage men as some â€Å"gargoyle Quasimodo†, Quasimodo being the title character of â€Å"The Hunchback of Notre Dame†, the main theme of the book being the cruelty of social injustice.Quasimodo led a tragic life, being kind and loving despite his ugliness. However, he dies of a broken heart. Quasimodo means â€Å"almost finished† or â€Å"half made†.From this, I believe that the writer is backing up my point about the garbage men perhaps being better people than the couple and that what we are seeing of the garbage men is only the tip (no pun intended) of the iceberg. The last stanza is made almost entirely of a metaphor, one part of which grabs my attention because it is an oxymoron, the part being â€Å"small gulf†.The metaphor describes how even though there is not much of a gap between the two vehicles, making it easy for one person to climb into the other vehicle, they’ll never be able to do so because of the class system and how, because of it, they are always going to be looked down upon. Of course, the two poems are similar in the way that they both deal with social injustices (Class system and Segregation), but, in the same way, different because the two place settings (San Francisco and Cape Town) are so far apart. In â€Å"Nothing’s Changed†, as previously mentioned, the writer uses a lot of commas to slow down the pace in order, I believe, to add suspense.On the other hand, the writer of â€Å"Two Scavengers† doesn’t use any punctuation, instead stopping the line whenever he wants the reader to stop and let what they’ve just read sink in. Because of the punctuation, the structure of â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† looks less pre-prepared and more â€Å"straight from the heart†, as the plot would suggest.However, â€Å"Two Scavengers† is neater in it’s construction, despite the lack of punctuation, thus giving off the opposite feel to â€Å"Nothing’s Changed†. After studying both poems, although I feel that I wouldn’t need to, it’s obvious to me that â€Å"Nothing’s Changed† shows far more anger, raw as it might be, than â€Å"Two Scavengers†.The reasons for this being that in â€Å"Nothing’s Changed†, there is a constant reminder of how angry the writer is as he walks around his old home, in the end, of course, wishing he had a bomb to blow up a white’s only restaurant.But, in â€Å"Two Scavengers†, the two garbage men look at the social injustice in hope rather than anger, as seen by when they wonder if they’d ever be able to reach in to the Mercedes and start a normal conversation with the couple, like old friends.

My Life And The Internet - 1200 Words

Learning Portfolio. SECTION A. Everyday life and the Internet is entwined, the Internet has transformed modern behavior, and virtually every aspect of living, is both widely known and a source of ongoing study. In plain terms, such unlimited access to information and communication has radically altered concepts of self and community. It gives us up to date information to start our day from finance, work schedules, family. Marshall McLuhan quoted: â€Å"When something becomes commonplace people don’t identify it as everyday life, it becomes almost invisible†. This unconscious control associated to other elements of everyday routines, such as showering, cleaning, from a long inner structure we recognize, these activities are built into our psyches from a very young age, fabrics of living from generations of ones family or society in which we live, a formula for everyday routines. These activities vary from culture to culture; both reflect each community or environment in which they live. Faith and Spi rituality was main focus for my subject choice, raised in a large extended strict catholic family, although my immediate family today do not participate in partaking rituals, but religion hold a strong fabric. Within all of this lies the critical component of how spirituality, traditionally so fundamental an element in everyday life, is affected as well. Community and identity connects directly with religion, belief and faith are the foundations to religious communities and helpShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of The Internet On Society901 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology has greatly influenced my life in a positive, it would be the internet. This paper will discuss how the internet has influenced my life as well as society. If I’m going to tell you how the internet influenced my life, I will have to give you a brief history about how it all started. Today, many people think that the internet was invented in the mid 1990s, however, the internet was actually invented back in 1969 during the height of the Cold War. The internet was created because military expertsRead MoreNot Free Life Without The Internet1022 Words   |  5 PagesFeel free life without the internet Living in the information age, life seems to be easier since the internet fulfills almost all the requirements of human need. People can finish the work, pay the bill, pre-order the iPhone, learning courses, book a movie ticket or take a trip on the Google to see a big world in virtual. It will be pretty boring if the internet can only be used for doing academic research, getting through work and we definitely could be more various online but living in the virtualRead MoreHow Technology Has Taken Over Our Brains By Controlling Us1106 Words   |  5 Pagesconsequently lost the battle. If you think about it, what do these all have in common? The Internet. The devices are only valuable if the Internet functions. Many people favor in saying that electronic devices are a negative influence, or that it has made us lazy. If you get rid of the Internet, it’s a whole new different story. The Internet is the key to everything and I have to admit that it changed my life. It expanded my discovery on the world. Previously, if you wanted to know how a place was surveyedRead MoreHow Technology Has Taken Over Our Brains By Controlling Us1107 Words   |  5 Pages The Internet. The devices are only valuable if the Internet functions. Many people like to say that electronic devices are a negative influence, or that it has made us lazy. If you take away the Internet, it’s a whole new different story. The Internet is the key to everything and I have to admit that it changed my life. It expanded my discovery on the world. Previously, if you wanted to know how a place looked, for example, a country, you’d have to search the books. With the Internet, I amRead MoreThe Problem Of The Internet1263 Words   |  6 Pagesmore and If you are a teen, then you are probably a victim of it. You may not even think it, but you could be addicted to the internet. The Internet has made life alot easier by making information more accessible to all and creating connections with different people around the world. Internet is more than likely the biggest piece of technology that we have today. The internet is a worldwide system of computer networks and people use this technology everyday. It’s on computers, on game systems, andRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Brain968 Words   |  4 Pagespeoples’ daily life. People rely on the information on webs without truly evaluating the trustworthiness of the site. There might be some trustworthy webs but most of them doesn’t contain an accurate and precise information. Since all the information are available on internet, we complete our tasks through internet and never truly utilize our brains. In other words, our brain becomes more indolent and worthless due to the easy accessible of information and laziness. I tend to use the internet anytime IRead MoreSociology assignment on primary and secondary groups1521 Words   |  7 Pagesin primary groups would be of course, my first primary group I was introduced to, my family. My family and I are generally very close and they know almost everything about me. If there is one source you want to go to other than me to find out about me, it would be my family. My family has influenced many different aspects of my life. For one they formed my morals and the main way I see the world. Although, there are some things I like to see differently than my family, there is a general outline ofRead MoreThe Internet-a Curse, Not a Blessing1519 Words   |  7 Pages‘The Internet- a curse, not a blessing.’ Beyond a shadow of a doubt, the invention of the Internet is one of man’s greatest and most spectacular endeavours. For, it has truly revolutionalized the world in regards to how we engage in business, recreate, socialize, educate ourselves and communicate with each other. The Internet eliminated all impediments of conventional methods of operations. Through its construction, the world economies have flourished. Therefore, it can be said in a nut shellRead MoreHow Does Facebook Impact on Your Life?1487 Words   |  6 Pagesyour life? What is the most popular social network in the world? I believe that most people prefer the answer â€Å"Facebook†. Nowadays, there are more and more people join the Facebook. You can always see such situations that some people refresh their Facebook when they have nothing to doï ¼Å' and there are some people even only use Facebook to keep in touch with others. Actually, Facebook has already become a part of our life; and it changed our lives in four aspects: it changed our online life, relationshipsRead MoreCyber Bullying. Today, This Is The Most Popular Topic Amongst1233 Words   |  5 Pagesrelates a story about a student named David Knight’s unbearable life entering the internet. Later in 2014, Rachel Simmons, a former Rhodes Scholar and the founding director of the Girls Leadership Institute, wrote an article titled â€Å"Cyberbullying is a Growing Problem.† Simmons’ article addressed the impact of cyber bullying in the 21st century and actions sch ool officials and parents overlooked when they are unaware of their child’s internet activities. The increasing use of social network sites like

Customer Service Quality At Comcast Corporation Essay

Customer Service Quality Lack of good quality customer service can have a negative impact on any company, from fast food restaurants to large corporations with call centers. Looking at Comcast Corporation as a specific example of poor customer service quality, we will identify the source of the negative impact and provide different options for improvement of quality within the call center. Comcast Corporation started out as a small cable company and grew tremendously to the number one company in internet and cable providers. This growth is directly correlated to the risks CEO Brian Roberts has taken throughout the years such as buying smaller cable companies, successfully acquiring investors to back the corporation, and at times learning from past mistakes. With a company this big, problems are going to arise, but at what cost does a lack of quality in the customer service department ultimately bring? Bad news travels a lot faster than good news, but if a company already stands in the number one position, is upper management truly concerned? Business Insider’s article â€Å"The 15 Worse Companies for Customer Service† rated Comcast #4. â€Å"The second-lowest-ranked cable service.† (Nisen, 2013) This refers to the television service alone, however, both internet and cable received low scores. Comcast has lost hundreds of thousands of TV subscribers , due to online streaming of shows with the use of Hulu and Netflix. Would a high quality of customer service give customers theShow MoreRelatedComcast Corporation : Case Analysis1190 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Case One Comcast Corporation Dante Cummings May 22, 2015 Comcast Corporation is Pennsylvania-based organization, which was established in 1963 and operates in the cable communication industry. The company is considered to be one of ?the largest providers of video, high-speed internet and voice services to residential and business customers in the United States? (Clients1.ibisworld.com, 2015). Currently, the company provides services to 22.4 million video customers, 22 million high-speedRead MoreComcast Corporation : A Diversified Mass Media Company1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe company selected is Comcast Corporation. This is a diversified mass media company headquartered at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is the world s largest broadcasting and Cable Company in terms of revenue. The generic strategy being followed by Comcast Corporation is differentiation. It provides high quality service which is unique. It also develops, produces, markets, and distributes content through unmatched breadth of media platforms. The Comcast Corporation earns sales revenues from fiveRead MoreComcast And The Media Industry1235 Words   |  5 PagesComcast is a large cable and satellite television provider in the United States. The company has been plagued with internal weaknesses and external threats in recent years and is in desperate need of turning around its customer service department as quickly as possible. Aside from customer service, the way the television industry is marketed to is changing, Comcast has to stay on the cutting edge in price, product quality, flexibility of plans, and customer service. Comcast has many differentRead MorePorter s Five Forces Of Comcast Corporation1570 Words   |  7 Pages Porter’s Five Forces in Comcast Corporation Sunilkumar Patel Wilmington University Background Comcast Corporation, based in Philadelphia, PA, with its bundling services operates as a media and technology with its two primary business, Comcast Cable and NBCUniversal. 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The Impact Of Public Education On The Advancement Of Women...

The role of public education in the advancement of women’s rights and ideas within Canada is incredibly influential. Contemporary public education brings together the guidance and wisdom of instructors with the modern ideology of Canadian youth to create a hotbed of political discussion. With the guidance of a feminist teacher, a classroom can be transformed into a politically savvy force, pushing for the progression of women within Canadian society. Through my studies and volunteer activities, I have and will continue to influence generations of learners in Canada to think critically about the state of women’s rights, and to contribute to feminist progress within our society. The influence of public education within Canadian society is a major reason why I have chosen to pursue a degree in secondary education, with a major in biological sciences and a minor in visual arts. By actively speaking against socially constructed dichotomies, such as those between arts and sci ences, and between the heightened importance of men in comparison to women in society, I will influence the most radically progressive generations of learners to use their political power to push for the advancement of women within Canadian society. As a queer woman pursuing arts and sciences, I have been met with disbelief and sexist remarks due to my field of study. By succeeding and teaching in two fields historically dominated by men, I can shift the foundation of institutional sexism by empowering youngShow MoreRelatedIntroduction:. The Direct Journey Towards The Convention1552 Words   |  7 Pageson the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) began way back in 1963 with the United Nations General Assembly adopting the Resolution 1921((XVIII), in which it requested the Economic and Social, Council to invite the Commission on the Status of Women to prepare a draft declaration that would combine in a single international instrument standard on elimination of discrim ination against women and articulate the equal rights of men and women. The Resolution aimed to implement relevantRead MoreHuman Rights Violations to Afghan Women1492 Words   |  6 Pageslivelihood of Afghanistan women. For decades, these women have been frequent victims of abuse, despite some success by authorities in prosecuting rape cases, forced marriages and domestic violence. Child marriage, selling and buying women to settle disputes, assault and more than a dozen other acts of violence and abuse against women are a common norm in Afghan society. About 87% of women experience physical, psychological or sexual violence. Incidents of violence against women remain largely under-reportedRead MoreThe On The Gender Machinery1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Gender machinery In response to some of the described situational GBV’s, the Ministry of Social Welfare, Gender and Children’s Affairs, is the countries national body for social welfare, gender and children’s rights for Sierra Leone. In 2007, 30 women’s rights organisations joined a demonstration against GBV. The national committee is made up of government institutions, UN agencies both national and international organisation and are against GBV. 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This and combined with the prosperity during the 1920s allowed science and technology to develop at a rapid pace which also had brought some downsides with them. Women were tired of not being considered equal in several aspects and started a movement. Marianne Wiggins Evidence of Things Unseen clearlyRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement And The Movement Of The 1960s1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe  civil  rights  movement  was a well known  movement in which  the blacks are entitled to reach Civil Rights and are treated the same in all primary rights for U.S citizenshi p like possibility of employment, housing, education and right to vote. However, the beginnings of the  movement  go back to the 19th century, but it raised in the 1950s and 1960s. African American people, with accompany of particular numbers of whites, planned and led the  movement at national and local levels. 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Education can be achieved in schools, colleges andRead MoreThe National Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1627 Words   |  7 PagesNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) states its mission as: â€Å"The NAACP insures the political, educational, social and economic equality of minority groups and citizens; achieves equality of rights and eliminates race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; removes all barriers of racial discrimination through the democratic processes; seeks to enact and enforce federal, state, and local laws securing civil rights; inf orms the public of the adverse effects ofRead MoreA Social Perspective On The Gender Based Division Of Labor Essay1670 Words   |  7 PagesWomen in Pakistan are denied equal participation in social advancement, education, and employment. This is due to the social perspectives and practices regarding gender inequality along with the gender-based division of labor. 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Discriminatory practice free essay sample

This topic will focus on discrimination and discriminatory practice. When discriminations happen it can have a very negative effect. When people discriminate they treat the individuals they are discriminating against differently from others. People can be discriminated against because of their social class, culture, ethnicity, race, gender, religion, sexuality or age. This topic will look at the different sorts of discrimination, discriminatory practice and non-discriminatory practice. Stereotyping: Stereotyping is the act of judging a person or group of people because of the actions or behaviours of others that are similar. Stereotyping can be on people in certain racial groups, certain age groups, or even on people who live in a certain area. When people say –all young people like loud music- or-all old people like bingo- they are stereotyping these groups. Stereotyping can have a negative effect on people because it assumes that everyone in a certain group is the same and has the same needs. Prejudice: Preconceive opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. Prejudice means to judge someone without real knowledge or understanding even though that knowledge might be wrong. Sometimes people are prejudiced against others just because they are different, older, from another country, speak a different language or have a different faith. Types of discrimination: Culture Culture is the characteristics of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts. Today, in the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is influenced by the many groups of people that now make up the country. Disability The disability discrimination act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate against someone who has a disability. The act covers empowerment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations. It now gives people with disabilities rights in the areas of: †¢employment †¢education †¢access to goods, facilities and services, including larger private clubs and transport services †¢buying or renting land or property, including making it easier for people with disabilities to rent property and for tenants to make disability-related adaptations †¢functions of public bodies, for example issuing of licenses The legislation requires public bodies to promote equality of opportunity for people with disabilities. It also allows the government to set minimum standards so that people with disabilities can use public transport easily. Age Age discrimination happens when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age. But discrimination can also occur Indirectly, that is, when care is offered in such a way that older people are disadvantaged because They are disproportionately affected. Discrimination occurs at many levels, from the System-wide to the individual. Age discrimination results from ageism which is a form of prejudice. Despite the fact that the Majority of older people describe themselves as being in good health (less than one per cent of the Older population is in hospital at any one time), older people tend to be stereotyped as a Homogenous group characterised by passivity, failing physical and mental health and dependency. Social class Our social class is the place where we live, the higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained. When sociologists talk of social class, they refer to a group of individuals who occupy a similar position in the economic system of production. Within that system occupation is very important because it provides financial rewards, stability and benefits like healthcare. Gender A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007. Direct sex discrimination is less favorable treatment of a woman than a man (or vice versa) because of their sex. Indirect sex discrimination occurs when a condition or requirement is applied equally to both women and men but, in fact, significantly fewer members of one sex would be able to comply with it and is not justifiable on objective grounds unrelated to sex. In order to show that this is the case, you would have to be ready with statistics to show that the condition would affect more members of one sex. Sexuality Sexual orientation can refer to a person who is attracted to another person of the same sex (gay and /or lesbian, the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Health status Sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a person’s medical treatment, taking into account the cost of the treatment. Family status This can lead to a variety of discrimination’s against gay and/ or lesbian parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings Cognitive ability Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury, a learning disability or difficulty, or a person’s social class or education. There are many types of discriminatory practice in health and social care settings such as i. Labelling or stereotyping people – making assumptions. ii. Being prejudiced. iii. Avoiding people because they are different. Using negative body language towards people who are different. v. Not considering peoples individual needs preferences. Giving poor physical care because the needs of different people are ignored. Forms of decimation: There are many forms of discrimination that we should be aware of: i. Devaluing – achievements not praised or being ignored, being unfairly criticised. ii. Avoidance- not listening to a particular person on purpose. iii. Verbal abuse- cursing at someone e. g. calling them fat ugly. iv. Physical abuse- assaulting a person. v. Neglect- ignoring a person’s needs. P3- Describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice on those who use health or social care services. Discriminatory practice has caused a lot of negative possessions on individuals being cared for. I’ll be extending it and giving detailed information about these certain effects of discriminatory practice in HSC. Marginalisation Marginalisation is communal procedure in which an individual or a group of people are made marginal or being treated insignificant In society when an individual or group of people are edged out; normally the effect of discrimination it refers to make the person standout and look very different from others. In addition, this is why they are subsequently feeling lonely and left out from the rest of the society. There has been an extensive range of discrimination circumstances that has been generally discovered by Journal of Social Work concerning marginalisation. The homophobic societies in April 2009 looked at the cruelty and marginalisation of older gay men, lesbian, bisexual people. Later in November, there was a case of marginalisation of children with AIDS/HIV. In the health and social care field, all professionals are expected to know that no one should be marginalised disregarding what their circumstances, sexual orientation, and background or health status. Disempowerment Disempowerment is the reduction of authority, control or inspiration after which people or groups of organised individuals obligate to make their own decisions, selections and figure their own lives from that point and onwards Groups of people or individuals that discriminated in contradiction of, by authoritative groups or other individuals will tend to feel disempowered. Moreover, they might be keen to contest against this situation; in some circumstances they may also conquest their cases. On the other hand, a large population regularly don’t succeed and lose against the discrimination. Consequently, in some cases many might become very depressed or miserable, diminished or devalued and disempowered; which can lead to more health matters. Low Self-Esteem and Self-Identity Low self-esteem is the reduction of pride in oneself; self-respect or dignity there will be a case of self-confidence and self-assurance whilst being discriminated. In the health and social care field, those people who are defenceless and weak are more likely to have a low self-esteem before they start using this field. An individual who are more probable to have low self-esteem will be necessarily experience undesirable self-identity, which might lead to a very low and weak feeling; the individual will start to feel depressed and will feel insignificant. The health and social care workers must certify that every individual’s self-esteem is upheld either if it’s high or can be elevated if it’s low; they must have assistance towards patient and try managing with their condition somehow, as professionals. Restricted Opportunities Not giving everyone similar opportunities as for anyone else due to their culture, age, sex, colour, class, religion, disability, health/family status and cognitive ability it’s certain that all forms of discrimination can cause harm and also lead to poorer health towards an individual; especially whilst not using health and social car facility. In some cases, the discrimination may come from the government itself, or by other individuals in the surroundings or health organisations. Negative Behaviours Negative Behaviours Such As Aggression or Criminality Conservative and impulsive behaviours that frequently results in violation household instructions or the law; aggressive behaviours is essentially fierce and unpredictable. Discrimination has many side effects for example; negative conduct, misconduct or aggression. Individual’s behaviour had a change whilst living in poverty and suffering discrimination. In many cases; it has been shown that many people could experience adversity and then this may lead to frustrations towards the teachers, police and health and social care workers. Moreover, some aggressive individuals may take out their fury on those who they see that come across as very powerfully positioned and therefore, health and social care workers could find themselves physically or verbally attacked or condemned; this may occur being some of the patients could have anger management therefore, they take out all their anger on health and social care professionals. In addition, negative behaviour could also happen while in care by drug users.