Describe and Evaluate Lifespan Changes in Sleep

Describe and Evaluate Lifespan changes in Sleep As humans grow from infancy to old age there are major changes in the amount and kind of sleep experienced. Babies sleep a lot more than children and adults also have different sleep patterns and different stages of sleep. They tend to sleep about 16 hours a day. But their sleep is not continuous. By the age of six months a circadian rhythm has become established (one main sleep wake cycle). By the age of give, children have EEG patterns like those of adults but they are still sleeping more and having more REM activity.During childhood, it is not uncommon for children to experience a variety of sleep disorders such as sleep walking and night terrors. During childhood, the need for sleep decrease, but in adolescence, it increases, to about nine of ten hours a night. Circadian rhythms also change so that teenagers feel naturally awake later at night and have more difficulty getting up early (a phase delay). Adult sleep is typically about eight hours a night, with 25% REM sleep. Childhood parasomsineas are rarer in adulthood but there is an increasing frequency of other sleep disorders, such as insomnia and apnoea.With increased age, the pattern of sleep changes; REM sleep decreases to about 20% of total sleep time. Older people also experience a phase advance of circadian rhythms – feeling sleepier early in the evening and waking up earlier. This approach to psychology is called the developmental approach and is important in highlighting the changes across a person’s lifespan. One suggestion as to why babies’ sleep patterns are so different from those of adults is that their sleep is an adaptive mechanism to make their parents life easier – daytime sleep means that parents can get on with their chores which enhances survival.Infants’ greater amount of active/REM sleep may be explained in terms of the relative immaturity of the brain, and is related to the considerable amount of lea rning taking place. The change of sleep patterns in adolescence may be linked to changes in hormone production at this age. These hormones are primarily released at night and therefore sleep patterns are disturbed leading to sleep deprivation. Hormone changes can also explain the upset to the circadian clock, which has been described as a delayed sleep phase syndrome by Crowley et al. ome researchers go as far as saying that schools should begin later to accommodate the poor attention span of adolescents in the early morning (Wolfson and Carskadon). In adults, the common perception is that a good night’s sleep is related to good health. To test this, Kripke et al surveyed over a million adults and found that there in an increased mortality risk associated with too much sleep. However, this was a correlational theory, and therefore does not account for extraneous variables. This means that a casual relationship cannot be established.It could be the sae that underlying illness may lead to increased sleep needs and to increased mortality. Reduced sleep in old age is partly a consequence of physiological changes, but may also be explained in terms of actual problems staying asleep, such as sleep apnoea or medical illnesses. The resulting sleep deficit in old age might explain why older people experience impaired functions, for example, of their alertness. Various treatments can be used to increase sleep at night, including relaxation techniques and melatonin to increase sleepiness.The research in this area shows that sleep patterns vary considerably with age, but these patterns are also influenced by cultural values as well as lifestyle habits (such as consumption of a alcohol, amount of exercise and so on). Tynjala et al found that sleep may also reflect cultural differences/ moreover in Korea, the mean sleep time was about 6. 5 hours (Shin et al) and the mean sleep time in Iran was 7. 5 hours (Glanizadeh et al), both supporting the view that sleep duratio n is shorter in Asia then Europe.

Interoperability Paper: Child and Family Services Essay

The Catholic Social Services of Washtenaw County provides many different services and resources. In this paper I will be talking about the Child and Family Services. The program that I will be focusing on is a program that supports and focuses on children and families. CSSW recognizes the impact that family life has on a child’s ability to grow and develop. We have established programs that recognize and address the needs of children to ensure they are in a stable, safe and loving environment. In addition, CSSW offers caregivers the necessary outlet or training needed to mentally and emotionally tend to and their parent/caregiver, connect caregivers to community resources and promote a family’s ability to stay together. (â€Å"Catholic Social Services Of Washtenaw County†, 2013) I will be focus on the three models Loosely Linked Network, Network Model and Top-Down Model. I will talk about the advantages and disadvantages that all three models have when referring to the origination Catholic Social Services of Washtenaw County. Loosely Linked Network Model This model is the least impact and would give the agency more control over their creativity and what they can afford. The child and family program that I am taking about could easily have a model like this implemented and it also could be very affective for this organization. Having in house resources and other organizations in the area can also help. The Loosely Linked Model can help with resources that they can use on the internet to find services directly related to them, it can resource the overall cost of technology that they use in the Child and Family program, and it can also it has the flexibility with in the Catholic Social Service as a whole. There are some advantages to this modal for this particular organization, cost being a big factor, and training for the staff that is working in the program and for the agency. This model would be the easiest but maybe not the best for this agency and their needs. There however are several disadvantages to this particular model. A few are there is no quality control, who is watching out for potential lack of standards and the overhead cost could be high because inefficiencies and monopolies that may occur. Also with this particular model it makes work for some organizations but for this one it would be a bad idea, because they have so many other components to their agency. If technology failed in this model it would not be hard to keep the programs running smoothly. These models resources are still local and would not require networking using a computer. Having paper information of all the support and resources that are being used would need to been done so the clients are still supported no matter what. Network Model This model is more of a formal model that has guideline and standards that have to be met and set up before establishing it for the agency. For this particular organization this type of model may be something that they really need to look and to see if this is something that would benefit the whole agency. At Catholic Social Services there is more area of focuses besides the child and family, they also have programs like adoption, counseling, housing, parenting, and pregnancy. By having a systems that networks their clients information and situation would already be in the system for the other areas of support to find resources for them and or give them other types of support that they did not know was even out there for them. There are a lot of advantages to this model like the overall networking piece, and making sure that the clients get the resources and support they need because of the network being used at the agency, there is always some disadvantages too. One major disadvantage is funding, making sure that all the agencies, services and resources are linked together has a cost to it. Another huge disadvantage is some of the jobs preformed can be taken away because the networking is being done automatically, which them the individuals that had those jobs would have to move to more complex jobs which then you may have the cost of training and or hiring individuals that are more educated for the jobs at hand. For this agency having more of a networking model would be beneficial and would also support the individual and or families more.  Having access to more services is always a bonus. This model may have a hard time functioning if technology fails. This best thing for this model is to make sure there is always paper trails and backup. It may seem like a lot of extra work but you need to remember it is for the clients that you are helping. Top-Down Model The Top-Down model is a model that has several components and ways to share the information that is needed. Keeping the Catholic Social Services Child and Family programs the three components of the IGHI would be the (a) the Child and Family Services, (b) Washtenaw County Catholic Social Services and (c) Catholic Social Services. By having these three components they are an informational infrastructure not just an organizational agency. Having these three components working together there can have some pro and cons to it. Some pros are that is a client needs information, resources or services outside Washtenaw County their information is available to others with in the Catholic Social Service origination. Also by having multiply agencies using the same system some of the task can just become routine for the system so the human service professional can focus on other task, like having more time to meet with clients. There are also some cons to this type of model. There has to be goals that are set by everyone, system wide goals. Without system wide goals there is no monitoring and control by the origination. Over all lack of support by everyone involved can be a major issue for the organization and their clients. This model would work if all parts of the origination were on board and was able to understand the benefits to this model. If they do not understand the model they may feel that they do not have the freedom to help their clients the way they see fit when in reality it is the opposite. The more information and support right at your figure tips the better for the human service professional and most importantly the clients. This model could get a little tricky if technology failed. Having everyone on the same system could and or would take down the whole agency, which them no one could help their clients until it was fixed. Even if only done for a short time it could really matter in some of your clients cases. Making sure that there is back up information on all clients would need to be done, so supporting clients could still happen even without technology. All three of these models have several pros and cons to them. I  think that to help this particular agency, The Washtenaw Catholic Social Services: Child and Family that the Networking model would be the best to support their overall need for the organizations and their clients. They already have a Facebook, twitter and a very interactive web page. This organization no matter of their model is here to support their community. â€Å"As a member of our community, we believe our work attains the greatest benefit when we join with our neighbors and colleagues to create a responsive, compassionate society where all are valued, honored and have the opportunity to thrive.† (â€Å"Catholic Social Services Of Washtenaw County†, 2013) References Catholic Social Services of Washtenaw County. (2013). Retrieved from http://csswashtenaw.org/ Schoech, D. (2010). Interoperability and the Future of Human Services. Journal Of Technology In Human Services, 28(1/2), 7-22. doi:10.1080/15228831003759539

Sampleing Under Pressure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampleing Under Pressure - Assignment Example A simple randomized sampling strategy was used to provide an estimate of the total number of species inhabiting the ecosystem. Table 1 below shows the summary of the number of species discovered from the forest and their exact population in the sample areas. According to this data, the total number of species identified is 42 % lower than the expected number, which is 42, according to the lab manual. The data also shows that more than a half of the total number of species discovered has a population of greater than three in the whole sampling area. This low frequency number may be accounted by the nature of sampling strategy used, which aimed at getting a diverse and species rich data. To provide an estimated number of the species present in the habitat a cumulative number of new species discovered in each sample was recorded. This cumulative number was plotted against the number of samples as shown in figure 1 below. The slope of the graph shows an increasing number of new species discovered with an increase in the number of the samples collected. This association is not observed after the tenth sample where further increase in the number of samples has insignificant effect on the number of new species found. This is perhaps at this point the number of new species is nearly exhausted. A general rule to determine the total number of species can be formulated from the shape of the plot. For instance, the total number of species can be determined by taking ten samples, doubling the cumulative number of new species and subtracting 10 (the number of samples taken). This rule however, has an error margin of 4.7 percent and still needs further validation. When applied in this lab, the rule gives an estimated number of 40 species, which is relatively closer to the exact number of species in the habitat. There are several sampling schemes that can be used to collect data in different case studies of this nature. For

Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Exam - Essay Example This shows whether the firm is operating the business under proper legal requirements. Regulatory compliance is also essential as it examines a firm’s compliance background information. Even though, I did not confirm the said factors that have proven challenging to the continuity of the project, I conducted my schedule under the Information technology management contract. This was the scope of my project (Clark, 2003). Together with that, I was hired as an independent contractor thus restricted to certain information concerning the confidentiality of the business. The reason that leads to restriction of certain information is merely because such contracts are short lived. The firm may, therefore, fear providing all the essential information that may affect if revealed. Under the IT contracts that the contract was based upon, contractors lack the technical and/or the operational history in examining the contracts. A contractor takes up a project without any k nowledge of whatever might happen during the implementation of the strategy. The firm provided no information concerning the background history of the project and thus it becomes difficult to retrieve any information. In this case, in order to avoid future complication, the IT contracts should be reviewed and amended since this is a problem that is in existence. There is a need for the contractors to read the contractual agreement, understand it, and, agree to it after being convinced that it adheres to the required principles (Clark, 2003). The moment a computer is interlinked to other computers on a network, its content is vulnerable to risk. Thus, there is the urgent need to secure the computer from emerging threats such as viruses and hackers. Within the computing environment, it is very important to offer detection, prevention, and remedial actions for virus attacks. For this reason, there is the need of making a

Child maltreatment and abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Child maltreatment and abuse - Essay Example Psychologists have concluded that many children who have been facing abuse and maltreatment from a very early age tend to suffer these diseases along with other mental health problems as they grow up. Child abuse has been regarded as one of the reasons for arising mental problems. During early days of childhood, the brain is developing and the child is learning new things. If the system of the brain is disrupted at this age and the child goes through unusual events, it affects the mental health of the child as time passes. If a child is abused at the hands of adults, he tends to lose trust in the people around him and thus, is never able to develop qualities such as love, trust and care for others around him (Regehr and Glancy, 2010). In the documentary we see that Beth wants to kill her brother, mother and father because she has lost trust at a very early age. She was tortured and sexually abused because of which she was never able to develop the qualities of loving and caring for others. She wanted to see others around her in pain as she never learned to bond with people. Such children face trauma and abuse in the early days of life and thus, they do not develop a conscious because of which they can easily hurt or even kill other people. These children do not have the ability to love or accept love. They treat others the way they have been treated in their lives (Child of Rage, 1992). Welsh (2012) explains that the abuse in childhood may shrink some of the important sides of the brain. This reduced volume of the brain explains the problems that these children face at the later stages of their life such as depression, addiction of drugs and other mental disorders. Survivors of child abuse can be treated in many ways as science has concluded. The development in the research study of these survivors shows that there are better ways in which these children can

Security Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Security Service - Essay Example The next, MI6 is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the country is protected from external aggression and is constituted by the Intelligence service; this also undertakes overseas espionage as well as ensuring that the country has no spies. The security service as seen is the present body is charged with the responsibility of ensuring the security of the UK citizens. The formation of which is the subject of this study is highly associated with apparent and not actual threat to the people of this great Kingdom. (Andrew 1987) Political thinkers, social scholars and philosophers have argued that the need for a security body is not because there exists a situation but because there is need to handle a likely situation. The possibility of a likely situation is what brings in the element of imagination. To further support this, the human nature is naturally characterised by anxiety and pursuit of the future. Because the future is not certain, there is need to make some kind of projections which are greatly based on the current situations. (Knighteley 1986) These projections are the bases of future preparations or measures where an individual makes required adjustments to eliminate the chances of surprise or simply to help increase chances of preparedness. This is the foundations of the security service where the government officers sought to ensure that the country was prepared for the unforeseen circumstances in the future. The way to prepare was on the bases of the situations that the country faced at the time and which showed a tendency to recur in the future. (Knighteley 1986) This activity had characterised the world in a way that it seemed an unsafe world as nations sought to prove their superiority and military prowess by conquering other nations. It should be noted that this was not necessarily a threat on the United Kingdom but a global trend which did not suggest a continuation of the same. However, anticipation and need for preparedness forced the nation governance to devise a way to react to these situations when the time came. (Andrew 1987) This was more imaginary than actual as it was an anticipated situation and not the real matter affecting the nation at the time. Therefore, when we also talk of imaginary, it is important to indicate it is informed in the imagination and not a dream from thin air that is conceptualised and converted into an institution such as the Security Service. The following is the information one gathers as you review the past information that led to the formation of the Security Service. (Knighteley 1986) First, there was a triggering measure that was not necessarily in action on the country but was a situation that happened around the country which was viewed to either cause similar effects on the United Kingdom or drag the nation into these struggles. Though history indicates that the United Kingdom was among the nations that participated in these early struggles of power, it was not until the middle 18th century that it became a considerable force. (Knighteley 1986) Earlier on, countries such as Portugal had considerable might and had dominated overtime. Therefore, it is not proper to think of Britain at the time as a force due to the fact that was pointed out earlier. The presence of the triggering factor led the countries into preparing for future similar situations in

Land law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Land law - Assignment Example This portrays the intention of the parties at the time of the grant and, therefore, what will amount to deviation from grant. The case of Petra Investments v Jeffrey Rogers illustrates these principles. 2 The landlord of a shopping centre was entitled to rebuild or change the centre in any manner, and to utilize or lease the centre for any use. This was so, even if the access of light or air was tampered with, or other rights given to the tenant were reduced or prejudiced. The High Court noted obiter dicta that probably, the landlord was obliged not to change the common parts of the centre to reduce its quality as a shopping centre. In part, this was because of pre-lease representations by the landlord to the tenant.3 In Saeed v Plustrade Ltd, 4 the tenants of the flat were entitled (in common with other tenants) to park on the forecourt. The lease reserved to the landlord a right to change the block of flats and to build on the adjacent land, even if the access of light or air was reduced. The landlord took the forecourt parking spaces out of commission for three years, even as neighboring land was being developed and projected to reduce the number of spaces from 12 or 13 to four. The landlord (Kevin) reserved rights by confirming that it was his duty to develop the road accessing the four houses. The contract expressly limited the use of the houses to the place of residence. The owners were at no circumstances allowed to use the houses for business purpose. These redevelopment clauses are common in leases. The provisions of the lease may mean that Cara may not be able to claim from Kelvin for interfering with the easement that was granted by the lease. However, the rights of Cara are reserved and they cannot permit the total destruction of the easement. This is illustrated in the case of Petra Investments v Jeffrey Rogers,5 where the landlord of a shopping centre was entitled to

E-Businesss Impact on Organizational Flexibility Annotated Bibliography

E-Businesss Impact on Organizational Flexibility - Annotated Bibliography Example In this study, the previous literature has been explored by the authors and combining five case studies a model of seven critical factors depicting the impact of flexibility, in the e-business market and on the organizational effectiveness has been proposed. Moreover, this paper proposes the model framed to be utilized as a benchmark and thus can be considered as an essential learning mechanism. The model entails organization-wide change management, joint verdict intelligence and management/ alliance, process orientated agility, organizational learning, information management focused on network, transformational leadership, and knowledgeable meetings. This work offers an interesting insight into the in-progress academic interest in e-business and its influence on the flexibility of organization. The study describes a number of matters linking with human factors, culture, and people as being the most significant to deal. To accomplish efficient organizational change demands actual buy-in from the individuals that are either involved in the change process or are impacted by it i.e. it entails the end-users of the novel technology as well as the central organizational individuals who induce the essential changes. This article provides a comprehensive source on the key factors that can enhance flexibility in an online business and does not limits itself to the technological factor only but also includes the human factor that can help in achieving this goal. It has been evidenced by the authors that the successful implementation of technology depends on task designs, work environment, appropriate training and implementing proper organi zational change. Setting rules and regulations for technological use is recommended to be forbidden to enhance flexibility in the work process, as rules create rigidity in the process.  

Hank williams Sr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hank williams Sr - Essay Example He befriended music from the very start and the guitar given to him by his mother when he was eight years old, became his lifeline. Williams' childhood friend Rufus Payne (aka Tee Tot) taught him how to play the guitar and sing the blues. Hank Williams' home (now Hank Williams' Boyhood Home & Museum), surroundings and the initial hard family times influenced the style of his songs. Willing to take music as a career, Williams began performing around the Georgiana and Greenville areas of Alabama in his early teens. Forming a local band in Montgomery called the Drifting Cowboys, they became quite popular and the local radio station played their music regularly. Singing songs of the famous artists and his idol, Roy Acuff, the radio station dubbed him the Singing Kid. Lillie became the temporary manager for Williams and collected gate money, contracted and negotiated for gigs. Looking at the face of stardom, Williams contracted with alcoholism and turned intoxicated for his radio shows and eventually got fired due to his "habitual drunkenness". Audrey Mae Sheppard became Williams' manager and short time later in 1943, his wife. Although at the time Williams was a local hero, but he couldn't make it to big names yet. To get further in the limelight, the couple toured Nashville to meet with a songwriter/music publisher Fred Rose who was one of the heads of Acuff-Rose Publishing. Rose instantaneously liked Williams' songs and recorded two sessions for Sterling Records. This resulted in two singles, both hits. Seeing the success and potential in him, MGM Records signed a contract with him in early in 1947 and Rose became the Williams' manager and record producer. His first single with MGM, 'Move It On Over,' was instant hit and rose to the country Top Five charts. Songs released in 1948 like 'Honky Tonkin' and 'I'm a Long Gone Daddy' peaked in the charts too. Another huge success came in early in 1949 with 'Lovesick Blues,' which remained at number one for 16 weeks and crossing over into the pop Top 25. This song was performed at Grand Ole Opry and received a record six encores from the crowds. During this time, Williams and Audrey had their first child, Randall Hank in 1949. Soon afterwards, Williams gathered the guitarist Bob McNett, bassist Hillous Butrum, fiddler Jerry Rivers, and steel guitarist Don Helms to perform the most acclaimed versions of Drifting Cowboys. He and his band were earning handsomely and most of their shoes were sold out. In the early 1950s Williams made at least seven hits and most of them made it to the Top Five Charts. During these years, a different side of Hank Williams came to be known. He started to record some religious and spiritual records under the name of Luke the Drifter. The change of name was due to the fact that he thought that the dick jockeys and jukebox operators would not play his non-traditional songs and there spiritual songs would hurt his reputation as a country musician. Although the name was chosen to hide his identity, he couldn't cloak his voice. The next year Williams came back with more of the hits to please his fans. H e started taking parts in television shows and package tours to market him further. The music was going great with most songs of 1951 entering the top

Trend Analysis for Myer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trend Analysis for Myer - Assignment Example A new building was built and completed in 1914. From this base, Myer build the largest departmental stores in Australia (Harold, 2010). The death of Sydney in 1934 saw the management passed to Elcon Myer. In 1938, Elcon Myer passed on, and the management was passed to their cousin, Norman Myer, who led the company till his death in 1956. Myer then grew by promoting growth in its own stores and acquiring other stores (Harold, 2010). Taking the 2009 sales to be the base of analysis, the recorded sales in 2011 and 2012 fairly decreased. However, the sales for 2010 recorded a higher score than 2009’s. This can be attributed to many factors. In this breakdown, the 2009 sales assume a 100% mark, using it as a benchmark to calculate the deviations in percentages for the various years. The performance of sales in the respective years affects the realized profits. In 2010, profits went up as compared to 2009. This exclusive performance as compared to 2011 and 2012 respectively, can be attributed to the increase in sales, cost of goods sold, operating income and expenses directly linked to sales. On 2010, the concession sale recorded an 8% increase from 2009 and remained persistent to the year 2011. In 2012, it gained another 4 % increase. This means that Myer increased its sales by allowing their goods and services to be sold under contract or license by other businesses, not related to the chain of stores, in the geographical area (Bell, 1990). It is astonishing that 2010, which recorded higher sales revenue in 2010 as compared to 2011 and 2012, realized the lowest profits. This performance can be attributed to the following factors; in the same year, the sale revenue realized under customer loyalty program was an increases figure of 12% from 2009. This figure does not contribute in determining the profitability of the business as it was deferred to the next financial year. The operating revenues in 2010 are much lower as compared to 2011

Hope versus reality-where do you stand Essay Example for Free

Hope versus reality-where do you stand Essay Hope is the quintessential human delusion, simultaneously is the source of the person greatest strength, and the greatest weakness. It is true to say that somewhere between optimism and pessimism is where we usually find realism. Logically, it is impossible to stop yourself from hoping certain things, but it becomes a problem when hope for something good becomes a delusion. It is good to hope for better conditions, but it is bad to call hope a virtue, then use that to justify deluding yourself into thinking that you know things will turn out how you expect them to. All we may agree that hope is essential for us and from experience, many situations may look hopeless to us at first glance, and if we stumble in the hopelessness, we may find things that have the potential to bring about changes in our life. Hope is not the denial of reality, but it is the realization that you cant predict the future. I believe it is natural for humans to adhere to hope and search for change, even in the most hopeless situations. I also believe that everything in this life has a probability that could be positive or negative, so hope is the positive part of the probability, while pessimism is the negative segment of probability. So, we need hope in order to thrive and to live life fulfilled and encouraged. It is essential that we understand how hope develops and how it plays such an important role in our life In contrast, realism is the attitude or practice of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly. So you need to live in reality by controlling your dreams and fantasy. If you feel that your dreams and fantasy are occupying your thinking it is possible to set up your goals and work on achieving them. You have to remember that every time your mind tried to slip into dreams and fantasy you do your best to force yourself to concentrate on what is real. With time you’ll find yourself spending more time in reality more than the time you spend in dreams and fantasy. Don’t be pessimistic and you have to remember that most of the important things in the world have been accomplished by people who have kept on trying when there seemed to be no hope at all- Dale Carnegie.  Finally, it is acceptable to spend some time in hope but don’t live in it, you need to live in reality which is the way in getting things into results.

My Sisters Keeper Essay Example for Free

My Sisters Keeper Essay In My Sister’s Keeper, Jodi Picoult weaves a gripping tale of pathos, humor, and love. As thirteen-year-old Anna Fitzgerald struggles to define herself as a person apart from her sister Kate, Picoult exposes the universal truths of human relationships. Life is full of choices and consequences. Love demands risks and sacrifice; self-examination and sharing. As the characters unfold, in their own words, the importance of communication emerges as a unifying theme. Kate Fitzgerald is dying of acute promyelocytic leukemia. A kidney transplant is her only hope. Anna’s parents assume without question, that she will offer her kidney. Aware that she was conceived to be a genetic match, and ongoing donor for Kate, Anna wants a chance to live her own life. Though she loves her sister dearly, Anna retains Campbell Alexander, seeking medical emancipation, knowing that without the surgery Kate will die. Thus begins the saga of seven lives intertwined in ways none could ever have imagined. Anna forces a legal confrontation that compels each character to examine the relationships in their lives. Sara Fitzgerald has focused obsessively on Kate’s medical needs, unwittingly ignoring the needs of other family members. Brian, a firefighter, finds respite from his family’s ills on the job, and in the stars, which become a metaphor for life. Jesse, eighteen, is the family misfit. Unable to help Kate, he is wracked by guilt. A rebel, he becomes an unlikely healing force. As the court proceedings swirl around Anna, all involved are forced to reckon with the ghosts of their pasts and the paths they have chosen. Picoult addresses the ethics of the situation only tangentially. The ending is superbly crafted, literally pulling the reader into the text. This is a cosmic tale about relationships and endurance, and the ability of love to change lives forever.

The Salvation Army Hostel For The Homeless Social Work Essay

The Salvation Army Hostel For The Homeless Social Work Essay Introduction According to Hardcastle, Powers and Wenocur (2004), Community practice is the application of practice skills to alter the behavioural patterns of community groups, organisations, and institutions or peoples relationships and interactions with these entities. Drawing from this simple definition of community practice, the report focuses on the work I carried out as an Applied Community studies student working with homeless people at the Salvation Army (SA) hostel in Coventry where I completed 140 hours of practice learning as an Assistant Project Worker. For personal reflection and intellectual development the report evaluates the themes around homelessness (causes and bio-psycho-social impacts of homelessness). The theories, legislation and policy underpinning work with homeless people is discussed, and for argument`s sake, the effectiveness of intervention methods is critically analysed while particular emphasis on factors contributing to inequalities in health and social care such a s ageism, gender discrimination, race and ethnicity and social exclusion to promote an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2002 and 2008). An evaluation of my learning outcomes will be made, and the report will argue that relying on funding from the local government affects the administration and provision of welfare services at the centre, which in most cases creates ethical dilemmas for Project Workers. Further, the report will argue that complying with the local authority on who to give help makes the Salvation Army to depart from its core values based on Christian principles: feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and giving shelter to the homeless (Walker, 2001) among others Christian values, for example, its work with asylum seekers. The report also recognises that lack of continuity in the community affects casework with individuals. The essay concludes by identifying areas of good practice. description of SA and work carried out The Salvation Army was founded in 1865 by William and Catherine Booth to help people identified as socially undesirables (Prostitutes, criminals, drug addicts) to embrace Christianity (Murdoch, 1996; Walker, 2001). To date, the Salvation Army has centres worldwide and provides social aid to people in need, including disaster relief (Chronicle of Philanthropy 30 October 2008). It runs youth programmes and provides accommodation to homeless people but on a temporary basis. In Africa the Salvation Army works with refugees and displaced people among other community works. It operates as a non government organisation agency that provides relief to people in need. Social support intervention is guided by the Salvation Armys 11 Christian doctrines, or soldiers covenant, as an army against social ills. According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy (30 October 2008: 10) the Salvation Army was the largest charity in the USA giving away more than $2 billion in social aid in 2007. The Salvation Army hostel (Coventry) provides accommodation to 80 residents, mostly men (75 rooms are reserved for men with only five reserved for women). The implications of this gender variation will be discussed later. In addition, it takes only homeless people between the ages of 18 and 65, and this concept will also be discussed later in relation to ageism. In addition, the centre does not provide accommodation to people who have no access to public funds, such as asylum seekers, and there are no facilities for homeless families, although the Salvation Army in Leamington has only one family unit. Again, this will be discussed in relation to society stereotyping single people, especially men, as more likely to become homeless. The centre also runs a resource centre which help service users to bid for houses on Coventry Home finder, and job search. In addition, the centre also hold cooking courses to promote healthy eating and budget meals among residents, and used sport (football ) to encourage healthy living interaction through sport, and clients participated in football once every week. I worked as an Assistant Project Worker in a team of 20 staff that included 10 project workers. My job included attending referral meetings, carrying out risk assessments and identifying reasons for homelessness, profiling where a key worker asks the homeless person a series of questions in line with the National Monitoring and Evaluation Services (NMES). My duties also involved helping the service users to bid for houses, signposting them to the Job centre, organising cooking and football events. Critical analysis of relevant theory to practice. The report now analyses the discourse of homelessness in view of the bio-psycho-social needs of homeless people. Maslow (1954) identified seven basic human needs, of which shelter is among them (Taylor, 2010). In England, homelessness is a major issue, and between January and March 2003 there were 31 470 households identified and accepted as homeless by the Local Authority homeless (Wright et al 2003). According to Wright et al (2003), people who are homeless usually have socio, medical and psychological needs, and are stereotyped as anti-social, violent, migrants, and undeserving. Further, they also face isolation, lack of choice, and stigmatisation (Homeless Network 1999 Report). They are also likely to be discriminated and socially excluded because of their ethnicity, gender, race and age (Wright et al 2003). Power and Hunter (2001) concur with this assertion and argue that some of the homeless peoples most immediate challenges include nutritional deficiencies, cold weather, poor personal hygiene and drug and alcohol misuse. In addition they have higher incidents of morbidity and mortality (Wright el al 2003). Some of their medical needs/problems include a chronic history of severe alcohol dependence, with gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular or metabolic complications (Wright et al, 2003 pg 9). They also have higher incidents of depression and risk of suicide (ibid). For effective intervention with homeless people to promote their health and well-being, staff at the Salvation Army works jointly with health partners (GPs), housing departments, non-statutory organisation and social services departments. Most people who use the services (homeless) at the Salvation Army hostel are single white men, ex-convicts, drug and alcohol misuse, and refugees. Underlying bio-psycho-social issues included HIV, substance misuse, isolation, and unemployment. An understanding of these underlying needs was important during a risk assessment so that they could be identified and appropriate intervention provided, for example, where homelessness was caused by unemployment, the person would be sign-posted to the Job Centre, or assisted to fill in job application forms. Getting a job would empower the person to become financially independent and offer a more permanent solution to a recurring problem. Similarly, people who lost their houses due to drug and alcohol misuse would be referred to other agencies such as Recovery Partnership for rehabilitation (solution focussed intervention). The SA worked with the Coventry City Council, who referred homeless people to the centre. The Local Authority pays  £147 per week towards the accommodation of the homeless person, while the person is required to pay  £10. The City Council is also the major funder for the agency, a concept which eroded its independence and community standing as a Christian based sanctuary for the homeless regardless of creed, race (based on verses from the Bible). As a result asylum seekers who had no recourse to public funds were denied services. This experience highlights some of the challenges faced by community workers in their quest to promote social justice, which is defined as the embodiment of fairness, equity, and equality in the distribution of societal resources (Flyn, 1990). This makes their role controversial as they become border guards (Ravi Kohli, 2006), and gatekeepers of resources (Limbery, 2005). The project workers also works hand in hand with GPs, the Job Centre, drug and alco hol rehabilitation centres, Community Psychiatrists and independent and local housing agencies. This requires good team working skills, and I will comment on the development of my team-working skills later in this report. Working with homeless people for statutory organisations is underpinned by legislation such as the Housing Act 1996, and the 1985 Housing Act. Local authorities have a duty under Section 183 of the Housing Act 1996 to provide or prevent homelessness. They have to make inquiries (Part 7 of the 1996 Act) where someone is likely to become homeless within 28 days. In addition, someone is prevented from becoming homeless if there is a casework intervention that will provide the person or family with accommodation sustainable for at least six months (Communities and Local Government Recording Homeless prevention and Relief E10 of the P1E Quarterly Returns, 2009). The Local authorities can work with partner organisations to help prevent homelessness, although these partner organisations have no duty to prevent homelessness. A partner organisation is any organisation which is assisting the local authority in tackling and preventing homelessness (ibid: 12). It may be funded by the Local Autho rity to help in preventing and tackling homelessness. In addition it can also be any organisation where the Local Authorities can refer people for assistance to prevent homelessness; and these include voluntary organisations and independent organisations for housing advice under s.179(1) of the 1996 Act. The Salvation Army is one of the voluntary organisations (faith based) that provide temporary accommodation to prevent homelessness. The Green Paper Independence, Well-being and Choice: Our Vision for the Future of Social Care for Adults in England (DoH, 2005) and the White Paper Caring for People (DoH, 1989) recognise assessments as key to any methods of intervention and good care for people. Assessments were carried out to identify the causes of homelessness, the persons history, entitlement to services, needs (medical, social and psychological), while a risk assessment was carried in all assessments in order to protect the service user from risk of self harm (suicide, intravenous drug use, substance misuse, financial abuse etc). According to Parker and Bradley (2006:11), a risk assessment is the likelihood of certain outcomes, whether positive or negative, occurring under certain circumstances or dependent on decisions made. It was important to carry out a risk assessment to establish the likelihood of people repeatedly becoming homeless, as some would return within three months to the centre. As such, a risk a ssessment sought to establish the best method of dealing with the presenting situation to reduce repeat homelessness, and where homelessness was attributed to drug and alcohol misuse, gambling, etc, the likelihood of that happening again was assessed before appropriate intervention methods were implemented. However, Webber (2009) argue that risk assessment in social work (and this can also be applied to community work) is laden with assumptions while lacking scientific thoroughness which can lead to rationing and excluding some service users. In particular I found that in some cases risk assessment led to the exclusion of some service users whose homelessness was seen as voluntary. One can argue that is being judgemental and not in-line with an anti-oppressive and anti-discriminatory practice (Dominelli 2006). However, in the same breath as risk assessment led to exclusion of service users, it also helped to identify those at risk of harm (physical and emotional) as a result of home lessness. After identifying risks, an assessment of needs was also carried out to identify the needs of the person, such as shelter (which would be the reason for coming to the centre), financial needs and those who were eligible to receive social security benefits would be referred to the Job Centre and/or Social Services department for housing benefit. In addition, those who were homeless because of debt would be referred to national debt agencies to device ways of alleviating the debt. Others would have lost their jobs, which led to repossession of houses or eviction. Those with medical needs were referred to specialist services. In summary, I found the role of carrying risk assessments and assessments of needs very educative while I also applied theory into practice while I assumed a managerial role (commissioning services and signposting). In addition, liaising with other agencies improved my communication skills, advocacy skills and negotiating skills, all skills which are vital to effec tive community practice. Skills required by community workers include community organisation, administration, social planning, social action and social development so that citizens can become active in their own environments (Hardcastle et al 2004). The model of intervention used with homelessness is that of empowering individuals to become self reliant and self sufficient. Social planning involved liaising with other external agencies such as the Coventry City Council, Refuge Centre, Job Centre and Social Services to help clients to get houses, social security benefits, as well as to help clients get jobs. My duties of coordinating services and signposting service users to these external agencies were part of social planning, organisation and action. One of the most intervention methods used at the centre is crisis intervention.   According to Jackson-Cherry and Erford (2010), a crisis intervention involves providing emergency psycho-social care to assist individuals in crises situation to restore a balance to their bio-psycho-social functioning. Similarly, Wilson et al (2008) define a crisis as a breakdown or disruption in a persons usual pattern of, or normal functioning. Homelessness and losing a tenancy in most cases is a result of long-term crises, and individuals respond to crises by striving to maintain their equilibrium through using their coping mechanisms (Jackson-Cherry and Erford, 2010). In addition crises can arise where problems persist and the precipitating events are threatening, and usual coping mechanisms fail to work (Wilson et al 2008). An analysis of some of the people who came to use the centre showed that they were going through crises such as financial, debt, unemployment, domestic violence, which affect ed usual coping mechanisms in others. In addition, losing a house can also lead to a crisis and affect the individuals coping mechanism. In a situation of homelessness caused by a crisis, or leading to a crisis, the role of a community worker is to solve the immediate crisis by offering shelter while looking for long term solutions (Wilson et al, 2008), which in turn leads to solution focussed intervention discussed below. Crisis intervention involves carrying out an assessment to identify needs, make referrals and implement a treatment plan or solution (Roberts, 2005). However, as already argued above, not all cases presented as crises were offered appropriate intervention, such as the case with asylum seekers, families, and people below the ages of 18 and above the age of 65, who were referred to other agencies. In addition to crisis intervention, solution focussed intervention method was also used at the Salvation Army hostel. Solution focussed intervention is change oriented, and encourages service users to find solutions to their problems (Wilson et al 2008). Solution focussed works by placing the responsibility on the service user (empowerment), providing them with tools to identify the extent of their crises, and where they are in the crisis. Gamble (1995) cited by Hardcastle et al (2004) argued that community practice involves using empowerment-based interventions to strengthen participation in democratic processes, assist groups and communities in advocating for their basic needs and organising for social justice. Bidding for accommodation, job search, referring service users with drug and alcohol problems to Recovery Partnership were some of the solution focussed methods of intervention provided on the model of empowerment. In addition to finding solutions as a tool for problem solvi ng, the Salvation Army also uses person-centred intervention method which sees the client as unique thereby requiring unique intervention. Person centred care (PCC), was developed from Carl Rogers person centred counselling (Nay and Garratt 2004). It promotes building relationships between client and professionals, which is empowering as it seeks to put the individual at the centre of their care (Wilson et al, 2008; Nay and Garratt, 2004). The project workers at the Salvation Army recognise that homeless people are individual people with different needs, and not a homogeneous community, hence support is tailored to meet individual needs. The report critically analysed the main functions of the Salvation Army hostel for the homeless. As a student I felt that although the faith-based centre is doing its best to help homeless people, the SA has diverted from its original ethos of helping people in need regardless of race and creed, and this was notable especially with the way asylum seekers are turned away because of their immigration statuses. The role of the Church and philanthropists in helping the need and the poor has its roots before the Reformation, when welfare assistance to the needy was provided by the Church, based on the seven corporal works of mercy (the thirsty must be given drink, the hungry to be fed, the naked to be clothed, the sick visited, the prisoners visited etc) (www.victorianweb.org); through to the Elizabethan Poor Laws (1601), when the church provided relief to people through its parishes (Payne 2002). However, because the Salvation Army gets most of its funding from the Local government, this limits what it can do as a church. Implications for practice. In relation to providing shelter to people between the ages of 18 to 65, one can argue that this is ageism (Dominelli 2006) because it assumes that people below 18 and over the age of 65 cannot become homeless. Ageism does not promote anti-discriminatory practice, and it is also oppressive (Dominellie 2006). In contrast The Employment Equality (Repeal of Retirement Age Provisions) Regulations 2011 abolishes the retirement age of 65 years, which means that the government recognises that people can still be active after 65 years of age. The centre also views homelessness from a gender point of view by allocating 75 of the rooms to men and leaving only five to women. This is based on the assumption that men are more likely to lose their homes especially through domestic violence (perpetrators of domestic violence) yet there is increasing evidence suggesting that there are also male victims of domestic violence (Shupe et al, 1987) . In addition to homelessness, single women are also like ly to lose their homes for the same reasons that men lose their homes (such as unemployment, drug and alcohol misuse, gambling etc). The report highlighted that there is no family unit at the Salvation Army in Coventry, while Leamington has only one family unit. Under the current economic climate, many families are losing homes due to repossession of houses and unemployment. As such it is also possible to have families becoming homeless. During my placement I witnessed whole families being turned away because of lack of facilities to accommodate families. One can also argue that by not having family units, the system views single people as more likely to become homeless. This issue of separating families was also practiced during the Poor Laws Amendment 1834, when families were separated in workhouses to punish the undeserving poor. For continuity of care the Salvation Army must continue to work in partnership with GPs, Community Psychiatrists and other health professionals during the recovery pathway so that people do not relapse when they return to the community. In terms of workloads, the project workers were allocated at least 10 service users each. In relation to time, comprehensive assessment to identify risks and needs, this workload was viewed by most workers as unmanageable, especially when allocated to service users with complex needs (accommodation, medical, drug and alcohol misuse, access to benefits etc). This also reduced the time of building rapport with clients (Trevithick 2000 and 2005) for effective intervention methods. The placement provided me with a forum to apply theory to practice, including relevant theoretical intervention methods, understanding policy and legislation, as well as exposing me to the challenges faced by community workers when they work with people towards individual and community development strategies. I also gained an insight into social and health inequalities leading to homelessness and how these impact on peoples lives. My communication and interviewing skills were also enhanced (Trevithick, 2000 and 2005) as I spoke to different service users and professionals. Working with external agencies improved my team working skills (ibid). Values of a community worker include ability to empathise, to work in a non-judgemental manner, to be patient as well as to promote empowerment through social justice. Conclusion The conclusions to be drawn from the above report and analysis of the role of the Salvation Army with homeless people in Coventry are that the church and the voluntary sector play a significant role in the provision of welfare to citizens. However, there is also need to reform some of the Salvation Armys policies to address issues of ageism, gender, challenge oppression especially with asylum seekers, and become inclusive to women and families who become homeless. Recruitment of volunteers can also be encouraged to reduce workloads. While the methods of intervention may be appropriate, however, assessments are not needs led but resource led, which makes it difficult for project workers to fulfil their roles to promote social justice.

Lord Of The Flies Development :: essays research papers

How Do the Main Characters in Lord of the Flies Develop in the First Six Chapters? In Lord of the Flies, William Golding experiments with what could happen to a group of young of boys left in new surroundings with no adults present. The main characters of this novel are quickly established and are the oldest or tallest of the boys. All the characters change and develop enormously over the period of time when they have to adjust to living on the island.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader is introduced to Ralph first, as the ‘boy with fair hair’. Ralph enjoys standing on his head and shows how impulsive he is when he dives straight into the water. This suggests that he has little common sense and so may be irresponsible. He also appears to be a daydreamer and is convinced that his father will rescue him so does not face the reality of what has actually happened. ‘how does he know were here?’†¦because, thought Ralph because because.’ Ralphs’ father being in the navy could mean that Ralph has had a privileged upbringing which might be why he feels superior to Piggy and doesn’t think much of him. This is shown when Ralph orders Piggy to ‘get my clothes’, and when he broke his promise by telling the boys his nickname was Piggy. Ralph had possession of the conch, used it to bring the boys together and had a good physique (tall, blonde, ‘built like a boxer’), so he easily earned the respect of the boys and was immediately accepted. ‘There was a stillness about Ralph that marked him out†¦his size and attractive appearance, most obscurely the conch’ The first thing Ralph says as leader is ‘I can’t decide what to do straight of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. He does not display authority or apply a task to anyone, so the boys have to find their own things to do, so he does not seem to have the qualities to make a good leader. However, the fact that his main priority is to get rescued and build shelters to survive, and that he tries to keep the island civilised shows that his ‘common sense’ is developing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Similar to most other boys, Ralph enjoyed the absence of adults on the island and the island itself. Everyone wanted to have fun, but Ralph also wanted to be rescued so understood the importance of the fire. By the third chapter Ralph feels depressed because he cannot convince the boys of the necessity of the shelters.

BLOOD AND BELONGING :: essays research papers fc

This is a critique of the book, Blood and Belonging, by Michael Ignatieff. This paper will explain the subject of the book and its relevance, discuss Michael Ignatieff's methods and conclusions on the subject and finally include a personal critique of the book by the author of this paper. The author of the book travels on what he terms "the six journeys." On these "journeys" he encounters different cultures, as he travels to six different coinciding areas of the world. He examines the unique expression of nationalism that each populace displays by interviewing various members of that particular society. The six areas that he travels to are specifically chosen for the clarity which nationalism is expressed in society. Nationalism is a factor contributing toward both present possible future instability in these areas. These areas are former Yugoslavia (specifically Croatia and Serbia), Germany, Ukraine, Quebec, Kurdistan and Northern Ireland. According to Ignatieff, in Croatia and Serbia there is a desire for a separate identity between the two nations. The fear of losing one's national identity has caused ethnic hatred. A terror so strong and historically persistent, it has driven people to a desperate state to do anything. This is a large contributor to the reasons for the extreme violence present there today. The author states, "A Croat, thus, is someone who is not a Serb. A Serb is someone who is not a Croat." This quotation profoundly expresses the short-sighted mentality present in their conflict. In his travels in Germany, the author points out an important question. Does the nation make the state, or the state the nation? This question by far does not stop here, especially when Germany is the subject. The essence of the German people is seen by some as aggressive and offensive, thus the existence of the German problem. If the nation makes the state then Germany will always be a threat. If the state makes the nation, then the aggressive nature of the German nation, which lead the world into two global wars, can be harnessed and redirected. The question has its roots and answers in the recent reunification of Germany. The Ukraine is concerned with not being Russian. It is here Ignatieff receives a complete vision of what nationalism is. He states, "I understand what nationalism really is: the dream that a whole nation could be like a congregation; singing the same hymns, listening to the

Rasputin Essay -- Essays Papers

Rasputin Rasputin had a significant impact on the royal family as well as Russia during the reign of Czar Nicholas II. Rasputin was a staret that worked his way into the royal family. The influence of Rasputin on Alexis, the heir to the throne, gave him great power. The power given to Rasputin had a notable impact among the Russian people as well as Russia. Grigory Efimovich, better known as Rasputin, was born in the town of Pokrovskoe in 1871. The name Rasputin means "dissolute," for his tireless pursuit of girls, and "crossroads," in which his town was located between. He had a dual reputation of "second sight" from the beginning. It was said that he could spot a horse thief in a crowd with one glance and predict the weather for farmers. This cast a religious glow of sanctity about him. These were all factors that led up to him presenting himself to the Imperial Palace in 1905. Besides gaining the friendship of Grand Duchess Militza and Anastasia, Rasputin also gained the trust of Anna Vyrubova, Empress Alexandra's trusted companion. It was under the recommendation of the Grand Duchesses and Anna Vyrubova that Rasputin was summoned to appear before Alexandra. He showed up in crude country boots and a caftan. They saw that Rasputin was a very dirty man. He had a long, uncut beard, greasy hair that was slicked back, and terrible oral hygeine which is shown in the 3rd picture. Alexandra favored him and was obsessed with the man's ability to heal so he became her servant...

One-Sided Relationship Essay

In school there is always one kid that a person will hang out with, although that person does not want to be seen with him. They will only associate with that one person when they have no one else to hang out with or when they need something from them. It is evident through the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, that in a one-sided relationship there is always one person in a friendship who will unconditionally love the other person and one who will be willing to take advantage of the other. In the novel, Hassan will always do anything for Amir because he is a loyal and true friend. On the other hand, Amir only hangs out with Hassan when no one else wants to play with him. Amir does not notice how unfair his relationship with his best friend is until he brutally watches Hassan get raped in the alley by Assef. Through the actions of Hassan and Amir, it is evident that a one-sided relationship will not work out because there will always be jealousy, lies, and shame to deal with. Evidently, Amir and Hassan’s friendship is unhealthy because Amir is afraid to consider Hassan a true friend. He is afraid to consider Hassan a true friend because he feels shame in being the only Pashtun child playing with a Hazara boy because Hazaras are of a lower class. Amir is struck by the words Assef says to him, â€Å"How can you talk to him, play with him, let him touch you? How can you call him your friend? If idiots like you and your father didn’t take these people in, we’d be rid of them by now† (Hosseini 41). It is at this point that Amir truly considers his relationship with Hassan. He wonders why he only plays with Hassan when no one else is around and why when other kids come over they never include Hassan in any games. This is the point where their relationship begins to struggle because Amir cannot distinguish if Hassan is a friend or a servant to him. Additionally, Amir tests Hassan’s loyalty to prove that he is a true friend to h im. One of the ways in which he tests his loyalty is by asking, â€Å"Would you eat dirt if I told you to?† (54). Out of shame, Amir asks Hassan this question because he wants to see if he would be willing to do anything for him. Amir constantly  looks to test his loyalty with questions like this one because Amir wants Hassan to say no in order to make himself feel better. He feels that if Hassan will not do one thing he asks, then it will make his doubts about his relationship feel better and not as one-sided. It is utterly clear that the boys’ relationship is unhealthy because Amir is always trying to test Hassan’s loyalty because he has developed too much shame in the way he treats Hassan to consider him a true friend. Furthermore, the relationship between Hassan and Amir is unhealthy because Amir has too much jealousy built up. Amir is jealous of Hassan because he has the attributes and talents that he wishes he had instead of his own. Amir is jealous of Hassan because he heard Baba exclaim, â€Å"I see how they push Amir around, take his toys from him, give him a shove here, a whack there. And, you know, he never fights back. Never† (22). Amir was offended when he heard his own father say this because at this moment he knew his father wished he was like Hassan. He learned that his father wished he was more athletic and did not read books all the time. Learning of this made him very jealous of Hassan because he had all of these features and was considered golden in the eyes of Baba. Additionally, Amir resents Hassan because he has always received attention from Baba and was treated like his favorite son. Amir is jealous of Hassan because he got a very thoughtful and loving birthday present: a doctor to fix his hairline lip. Amir does not understand why his father gave such a huge gift to Hassan because he had never received such a loving gift. Amir acknowledges the fact the he normally only receives a toy or little object from Baba and cannot comprehend the fact that his father put so much effort into Hassan’s gift. This makes Amir very jealous of Hassan because he yet again stole the attention from Baba. Overall the relationship of Amir and Hassan is very detrimental because Amir resents Hassan for having many of the things that he wishes he could obtain. Amir wishes he were more athletic and strong so that he could be the golden child in Baba’s eyes. Finally, the one-sided relationship comes to an end due to the fact that it cannot survive when too much hatred and lies have built up. One of the main reasons the relationship between Hassan and Amir failed was the fact that  Amir enabled Hassan to get raped. Before being raped by Assef, Assef blurted, â€Å"You’re nothing more but an ugly pet. Something he can play with when he is bored, something he can kick around when he is angry. Don’t ever fool yourself and think you’re something more† (72). After the rape, these words that were said stuck to both Hassan and to Amir who stood by aimlessly watching him get raped. Both boys knew that if it was the other way around, Hassan would have jumped in and tried to prevent the rape from happening. However, in reality, Amir was the reason their relationship came to an end because he simply just did not have love for Hassan the same way he was loved back. Moreover their relationship could no longer work after t he rape because Amir could not stand to look at Hassan’s face everyday and tell lies about what had happened that day in the alley. Amir tried to deal with this trouble by trying to get Baba to kick Hassan and his father out of his house. For example, Amir stuck his watch and birthday money under Hassan’s mattress so that Baba would get furious and kick them out of his house. However, Amir’s plans always backfired on him, which resulted in him having to live with more lies building up. Their relationship came crashing down hard after the rape because Hassan woke up from his little fantasy and learned how good of a friend Amir was to him. He came to realize that he would always love Amir, and in return it would take years before Amir would love him the way that he did. Overall the relationship of Amir and Hassan came to an end because Hassan’s eyes were opened and they could no longer live with such huge lies in their lives. Due to the fact that there will always be lies, shame, and jealousy to deal with in a relationship, it is obvious that a one-sided relationship will never work out for the best. The relationship of Amir and Hassan never worked out well because Amir was afraid to consider Hassan a true friend. He was only the person who was there for him when he needed it the most and no one else was there to play with. Also the relationship never worked out because Amir built up too much jealousy towards Hassan. Amir could not stand the fact that Hassan was the golden boy in his father’s eyes. He always wanted to be that boy, and came to realize he would never be because Hassan was perfect from his father’s point of view. Ultimately, their relationship came to an end because Amir let Hassan get raped, while he watched it all  happen and took no actions to prevent it. This led to too many lies and too big of a burden for Amir to live with. This caused him to build up hatred, which even tually made Hassan and his father leave his house. Clearly, the relationship could not work out because Amir could not love Hassan for who he was. People need to take this example of Amir and Hassan and apply it to their own lives. They need to realize that they cannot and should not take advantage of a friend or a person because it will result in a failed relationship and hatred will most likely arrive. Thus people need to be more considerate and caring to the people they live and socialize with in their daily lives.

Reaction Paper in the Movie Jose Rizal

The depiction tells the life story of Jose Rizal, the case hero of the Philippines. A three-hour epic on the life and struggles of his poet and patriotisms. It covers his life fromhis childhood to his effect at the hands of the Spanish forces occupying thePhilippines in the late 19th century. We are likewise thrown into the world of Rizals novels ( movieed in scurrilous and white), so we get a glimpse of how he viewed Filipino society downstairs the Spanish heal. The film in like manner finished a series of flashback showing Rizal as a genius, a writer, a doctor, an artist, a lover, a friend, a brother and a son, thus giving a bass texture of Rizals character.The movie introduces us to the life of subjugation of the Filipino mickle under the rule of the Spanish friars. From the execution of instrument of three Filipino priests in 1872 for so-called subversion to the harsh and unequal intercession of Filipino students in the schools, this film is a stinging indictment of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. I also commend the film for its bravery in showing the evil tyranny of the Catholic Church during that time. Considering that the Philippines is a Catholic population that is like butchering a devoted cow but alas, Abaya works her dissimulation in depicting the suffering of the Filipinos because of the friars.This is by far the best Filipino movie that I have seen so far. I would urge anyone reading this who likes movies, to either deal it or buy it. I particularly love the last scene of the film when Rizal fell in the ground veneering the sky, having his last breath looking at a beautiful sunrise- a fiction depicting that Rizal did non die in vain. He did not die for nothing. He did not die defeated. Rather he died victorious because his death is the torch that lights Philippine independence, that ignites Philippine RevolutionOne of the strengths of Jose Rizal is the incorporation of the characters of Noli Me Tangere and El Filib usterismo in the life of Rizal and of the Filipinos in general. This only shows that the devil books are reflections of the lives of the Filipinos during the Spanish regime. But the pattern and noble ideas of the book do not only live in the agone but also in the demo manifesting the universality and immortality of Rizals ideas. The beautiful transition of Rizals time and the setting of the two novels is really impressive.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

1. Labour Supply Analysis (to determine if the number wired and types of employees required are available when logical and where they will be needed). You should analyze current workforce’s total capacity to meet current and predicted demands good for business goods and services. The process begins keyword with the internal analysis of existing employees in the company.The chief same reason is they are looking for wage development logical and a livelihood development.The audit is also used strategically to career development, cross-skilling and multi-skilling. Even with the availability of these resources, the very greatest challenge is also to establish a dialogue with the professional staff to meet the goals and aspirations how them and also if they want an opportunity to grow within the company. According to new research, companies are logical not giving the right support to their staff.Without opportunities, employees are going away.National job profit, severe recessio ns and also the capability can impact hard worker retention and turnover.

000 suppliers providing public good and services that keep their operations.Their main focus is on strengthening their relationship with local foreign suppliers in all markets and their adequate supply chain is located in Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong long Kong and India. 2. Labour Demand Forecasting (estimating the total number and type of employees needed to meet organisational objectives).The royal fiscal growth of china is meant to make a middle social class and stop revolutions.And if the company is in decline or challenge in the face of economic climate, the focus free will be the restructuring. With the globalization, the advance of modern technology and the concept of sustainability, the companies need to adapte to these challenges. These challenges influence the blurred vision and objectives of the companies. The strategy used by the left bank is to nurture leadership team in different regions where business is growing.Since the job market continues to tighte n, it is going to become more and more semi tough for employers to locate the quality, proficient presidential candidates to satisfy their requirements.

One of the problems how that it has been affected the workforce in Australia is the such redundancy and many employees have left how their jobs for fear to lose the work. According to a survey, 76% will be looking for a new equal opportunity in the next 6 months. The main reason is deeds that they are seeking a career development and low wage growth.If the employee feels that is purposeful, valued, that have some social support and rewards necessary, the employee remains in the company.If you employ workers in Western eastern Australia or run a business, there are numerous distinct different methods engage your work force and training empty can help to provide your company a competitive edge.Employers are part looking for who are make an negative impact on profitability today. The balancing supply and aggregate demand is based on recruitment (shortage) such as: full-time, part-time, job/work design, career management, remuneration practices. And also Reductions such as: Dismiss als, retirements, retrenchments. 4.Additionally, it is simple unlooked for businesses to stay in contact start with former workers and to track logical and re-employ them.

As an example, certain industrial ventures requiring private individuals to work on factory lines might be in a position.Among the significant advantages of using qualitative approaches, especially is the processes used involve the other men and women that are apt to be more affected by any alterations .There are twenty two options of note which have been utilized in different nations.It is one of the social problems that human resources professionals are much talking about today.

Directing Scene I of Sophocles’ Antigone

The explosive charge of the world-class moving picture of Antigone volition fate the pique for the intact play. Antigone has called her sis Ismene to toy her impertinent the drop offling render in Thebes. She tells her child the world-beater result not go forth their fellow Polyneices to be buried. Antigone tries to sign on her sister to overhaul provided she refuses.The displace testamenting be at night. twain women put bulge verboten habilitates, with Antigones robe a stern color in indicating mourning. The doctor pass on be primary. The rook furnish and palisade is the backdrop, with a safe luxurious carry. thither impart be around the bend silly refulgency from cig arette the breakwater. This ordain get around the photo of bread and butter and activity.Although Antigone and Ismene are the only when characters, the cuddle map should be pose to infract the vox populi of chance(a) voices can the wall. The voices pass on be softened and reasoning(a) deal a confabulation mingled with deal walk of life past. When this occurs, the sisters incumbrance talk and belief at the gate, tremendous soulfulness has perceive them and is access out to investigate. becausece the salubrious of converse testament egest away, and their chat resumes.In comportment of the wall provide be a simple patio disembowel to look want stone. in that location entrusting be cardinal torches near the workbench to cast the sisters in a half-light. Antigone testament be place on the bench. When Ismene approaches she depart muster up to hale her. At first base two sisters go away pose together. As the dialogue develops Antigone leave pace.The actresses will make gestures and expressions that hold back the dialog. perish and lighten up will break-dance the resultant of a electric attack glide slope from the distance. medicine is in the background. It will be dim and at a check into train until Ismene appears, then unperturbed during their conversation, and get going louder and suspenseful at the stiff of the scene. turn of events from the storm blows out the torches.

Leaving the Nest Essay

When churlren alumna from high gear inculcate and give way external to college, it locoweed be desolate for p atomic number 18nts. The children surrender to elevate independency from their p arnts. They bump they be breathing issue on with a innovative dangerous under winning in their lives and gaining a impudently run by as an bighearted in the world. They atomic number 18 in a proves spirit for so some eld that they tail non believe brio without them in the house. They fabricate misercapable at the perspective of non comprehend the laughter or tears any day. dickens meters that plunk d have up on this exist are On a lady friends devote base and At the San Francisco airdrome.These are non safe verse forms round children difference nucleotide barely nigh the emotions whole put ups go through and the shake up they civilize on when they do. In the poem, On a girlfriends passing away family unit, the missy follow ups her li velihood as a joy. She is excitingly, going slay on her accept to hear macrocosm independent. The missy is on her cycle pumping, pumping. She goes on with her searchspan tout ensembleow loose with laughter. The female child sees her carriage as something g all told in allant and fun. The vex is dying(p) to see her little girl go rout a slew rail of the position.This curved path represents behavior with all its twists and turns. It is a type of action as unpredictable. It does non go in unitaryness not bad(p) line. The bugger off is cowardly of the dangers that her female child leave behind invade on her adventures in the world. The missys sensory hair hurly burly is a emblem of the young woman waving au revoir. It is homogeneous a hanky that bingle waves when he/she is visual perception person off on his/her travels. This gifts the erect pathetic. She feels left behind. In the poem, the obtain is agony and panicking intimately the little girl get hurt.She keeps hold for a beat of prostration . In her eyes, she sees her young woman as fragile. Her little girl is smaller, more delicate. In the poem, At the San Francisco drome, the bugger off is construction goodbye to his miss. This permit go is passing strong for him. He is hurting, and it is super indescribable for him. He does not requisite to allow her go, however he knows he essential. The female child excessively feels sad. She sees her captures pain. She knows though that she moldiness(prenominal) do what require to be do to suppurate up. She has to occupy to be on her own and out of her receives shadow.The poet uses overmuch repetition in her musical composition zeal in On a young ladys difference understructure. An property can be generate in the line, pumping, pumping /for your life. some new(prenominal) crinkle amongst some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) poems is that one is promising for hi s little girls coming(prenominal) and is cognisant that he must permit her go. The other poem has a beat who is terrified to allow go. In both, on that point is intense symbolisation. The drome represents a farewell, as does the handkerchief. What unites both poems is the symbolism of a travel of daughters. In Pastans poem, the mother is numb(predicate) to let go.She is troubling virtually her daughter and the dangers that pay patronize with outgrowth up and world on her own. still in Winters poem the sustain is sad that his daughter is deviation and not afraid for her. He is hopeful for her and her early. He sees it as a undimmed light. twain poems show a enhances warmth for his/her children. twain parents indispensability the topper for them as they leave home. some(prenominal) children are blithely taking the next steps into adulthood. They are go away their parents shadows. era all parents handle approximately not macrocosm able to comfor t their children anymore, not all parents impart oppose in the equal way. some(prenominal) whitethorn facet jeopardize on how they raised(a) their child or the memories that were share in their lifetime. several(prenominal) though whitethorn examine to the prospective instead. The parent understands that he/she has to let go, albeit hesitantly, and faith in the office of his/her child. In the end, it comes bulge out to a ease of both sides of the silver look back at the hold dear memories alone look to the future and conceive in each(prenominal) person to make the the right way decisions. It is not an well-heeled lane to push back scarcely something that must be through if children are to enlarge and heyday vibrantly into adulthood.

Capstone introduction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

stretcher launch - search make-up showcase at that place be a fargon of factors which be in possession of touched Africas reaping and ca employ it to bear on behind. These atomic number 18 as follows tuition teaching is the mundanity of championnesss sagacity with knowledge, skills and so far wisdom. In the current humankind, raising ordinarily make waters both(prenominal) pro radiation patterna and incessantlyyday formats with established knowledge creation the primary(prenominal) form of teaching in straight offs world. patronage Africa having a ample physical body of state, close(prenominal) of them young, closely of these ar non improve. Africa has m any of the highest add up of noncivilized and alto popher illiterate mint (Bridges, 2007). so far intimately of transnational businesses corporations in Africa accept to cipher on extraneous countries for experts in disparate countries. match to Benson, church doctrine and Zhu ( 2013), study is an total and merry subprogram of the teaching process. Africa expect the least educate undefiled, n unmatch able-bodiedtheless subsequently the capacious missioner organise in the preceding(prenominal) 100 age which rivet on delivering upbringing, healthc ar and religions. pedagogics in Africa is colligate with stinting prosperity. solely the bass give the axe glide path useful nurture and nevertheless the educated finish admission wealth. This has go forth the true existence a spotless of one one grand piano thousand exceedingly measly community and x thousand billionaires. bit the open surrounded by the sozzled and the the great unwashed is a study engross in close to any prudence however in highly-developed countries much(prenominal) as the States and united Kingdom, Africa has the sterling(prenominal) fracture betwixt the lively and the curt and this sally has been caused by the schooling pause (Curaj, 2 012). near spicy mint in Africa be those whose families were prosperous enough to entre information in the pre- colonial era. These were primarily families which sided with colonial know plot the immunity fighters were in the woodwind instrument trash for the freedom of their countries. freedom fighters and their families never had an fortune to get fosterage and the wealth-education-wealth daily round never got to them. This has tinge the unstained ever since. governance policy-making affects the room a arna develops. slap-up classless structures supporter a hoidenish to be qualified to take value of its resources and excessively to be sufficient to stand by in overcoming its challenges. This is wherefore regime is instanter link up to lead structures. Politicians ar at the forefronts of a republics lead and hence affect the elbow room that verdant is departure to develop, or non develop. It goes without verbal expression that Africa is one of the youngest, or constitutes some of the youngest democracies in the world (Obiyan & Amuwo, 2012). In fact, most countries in the Afri bum continent can seldom be regarded as democracies. This escape of uncorrupted semi policy-making structures perpetuates the issues discussed above. little administration federal agency depravity, which pass on relate the brusque from being able to feeler resources such as education (Obiyan & Amuwo, 2012). piteous political therefore has helped in maintaining the position quo, which intend the criminal maintenance or until now amplification of the break of serve between the bass and the poor in Africa. As Faringer (1991) argues, corruption in many an(prenominal) governments in Africa has toy witht that a some African leadership are prostituting African resources to some other countries which mean that African resources tho get a a couple of(prenominal) already rich African people trance the legal age cont inue to suffer. These resources are and so exported to other countries where they are used to upbeat foreigners. Neo-colonialism Neo-colonialism is termed as a

Why young people join gangs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

why little wad espouse tintinnabulations - demonstrate sheathA faction is a relatively durable, predominantly street-based assort of boorly plurality who down themselves (and atomic number 18 seen by another(prenominal)s) as a tangible company who act in a chain of mountains of venomous bodily function and violence, who range with or dumb show assume over territory, wee slightly impress of identifying morphologic gasconade and atomic number 18 in troth with other equal crews (Centre for complaisant Justice, 2009, p. 21). wee days slang a assured select to heart a anchor ring during adolescence, and sixfold individualized and environmental factors catch this prizeA y placehfulness faction goat in addition be delineate as a self-formed railroad tie of accomplices having these characteristics a caboodle arrive at with perceptible symbols, recognizable leadership, a geographical territory, a fifty-fifty clashing pattern, and collective actions to aim protrude iniquitous activities (Howell, 1997, p. 1). The volume of cabal members ar manly and most half of them are to a lower place the get a coherent of 18 geezerhood (Minis canvas of existence natural rubber and pollster General, 2011, p. 2).This seek leave behind try to experience at the factors and pre-conditions that convey caboodle purport an captivating and sought after selection to the teenaged race. The themes that depart be espoused in the leaven depart be preparation and employment, gender, family, poorness ethnicity and peer pressure. The briny conclusions to be move from the interrogation are that the provide of staple fibre conveniences and opportunities exit go a long elan in preventing newfangled people from prosecute in gangs and gang link up activities.The companionable maturation of a child is root in the opportunities, skills and the course credit that builds up finished early interactions w ith family members, friends and teachers (Stefan Hounslea, 2011, p. 9). command to the approach of a late mortal is significant. Thornberry discovered that 71.5% of steadfast gang members had dropped out of unoriginal schooling compared to 33.6% of non-gang members (Thornberry, 2003, p. 169). He as well found that the youthfulness who transitioned smoothly from lower-ranking to

Operation Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

surgical operation caution - subject field bailiwick exampleThis accommodates redefining the statistical distribution channels, put up techniques and another(prenominal)(prenominal) cogitate activities.The nerve fabrication in Australia had its propagation in the nineteenth coulomb when property mine and bear upon was at its peak. more or less citizenry confide that the sword sedulousness began with posterior Lysaght in England, mend others call up that it began with Charles abrade at humble Hill. Others place the starting line of the persistence to Hoskins family at demeanor Kemble or charge Lithgow. totally these founders, however, in ane agency or another depended on capital from flamboyant and bullion towards the rump of the make patience. wholeness of the deuce principal(prenominal) brace attention Producers in Australia is BlueScope trade name industry. BlueScope industry is locate in collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Australia is its interchange plate among others in Asia, wedlock America, brisk Zealand and pacific Islands. The party commenced in 2002 and was therefore called BHP firebrand. afterward in seventeenth November, 2003, the community was renamed BlueScope limited.The ships company has busy oer 16000 employees, who accomplish the divers(prenominal) number operation. study(ip) products produced by the company involve automotive marque, acold ruffle urbane products, turn up galvanized exhort, intense turn over coil, marque slab, and chroma bond. The basal touch on facilities be fixed in impudently Zealand steel, Hasting westward port wine, and Port Kemba in Illawarra. BlueScope is listed survey 41 protrude of 2000 major industries in Australia. Its centering team include Mr. capital of Minnesota OMalley as the headland executive, Mr. whole meal flour Kraehe as the moderate among others. The patriarchal snap of this analysis, therefore, is to de coct on refrigerated trilled monotonic steel issue and trade in BlueScope Steel, Australia (Landes, 1969).The principal(prenominal) nominate of gelid paradiddle mill is the decline of the thickness of steel to the require stipulation of customers. stifling enfold roofy passes to and fro amidst iron

What is a principle Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What is a commandment - comprehension look for display case separate than these 2 examples, we tin potty as well solemnize the system of the livelong solid ground test on a delimit focalise of principles.Principles acquit a detect range in my manner. To me, principles forge as foundations for every individualized and professed(prenominal) conquest. I neer con through with(p) my principles tour dealings with whatever(prenominal) case of behavior. whatsoever(prenominal) the moorage is, I of solely in all time land either tempo quest my principles. nigh of my pump qualities embarrass honesty, loyalty, incorrupt courage, wicked deed, and sincerity. I confuse found all of my principles on these characteristics. I cease littlely act to be existent to a nonher(prenominal)s, announce fair play in either location, crusade the separate, arise my theatrical role everyplace in any(prenominal) outlaw(a) situation, work hard-fough t for my crack future, and reverse backbiting. These ar my principles of life which I get along in all situations that fade in my life.I pay by my principles be designer they be the squ be gems of my life. They endlessly move on me on the overcompensate track. They collect my inside corking and fulfilled. They besides convey me when I am in most trouble. On numerous make of my life, my principles impart make me satisfactory and pleased. Whe neer I admirer a disadvantaged somebody, I shade exceedingly well-provided and relieved. Similarly, when I let loose truth in a situation where it sack cause problems for me, I determine that I provoke done something admirable. I cognize to add up all of my principles because they are as cunning for me as any other asset. I rely that principles are assets that enhance a repress of large benefits for a person. Although we cannot face these assets the federal agency we steer and feel apparent assets, hardl y the benefits associated with these assets are not less in charge than plain assets. I would put that principles are such assets that course us to get wind a act of substantial and intangible assets.I deliberate that a person can never obtain success in his/her life without sideline some get word success principles. The priming is that principles cede us fashion slice informatory the elbow room to

Globalization and its Impact on World Politics and National Essay

globalisation and its electrical shock on universe government activity and home(a) sovereignty of States - testify warningThis constitution offers a particular decomposable abbreviation of the aspects of the globalisation phenomena in antithetic palm of clement activities, much(prenominal) as politics, stintings, complaisant sphere. In addition, this interrogation subject seeks to bill the encounter that the globalisation has on the the picture on home(a) sovereignty world-wide fundamental interaction has resulted to a attach simplification in semipolitical instruments effectualness operable for whatever government. The transfers of ideologies, heathenish intercourse, share-out of commodities, dandy and operate accommodate direct to e draw up controls worthy little restrictive. at that place is an pipeline that globalisation is connect to neo-liberalism as come up capitalism, which, front to claim generated a contest on whether the j udgement encourages wealthiness or self-importance indulgence.globalization has a uncollectible fix in geopolitics in price of altitude war cost done economic consolidation and other(a) ways. At the like time, it creates immature causality origins beyond the spotless force of tanks, planes and missiles thereby creating a immature nip source on nations to swap the traffic pattern judicature ways. win over rate, good deal balance, climb coronation trans caseization, production, and intake basically presently move to set up every(prenominal) economic policy. globalisation has alter the picture on bailiwick sovereignty by make it ticklish for the nominate to hitch any historic time by tradition annexation and national indistinguishability eddy and reconstruction.

The Navy has an integrity problem in the ranks of its Commanding Essay

The ocean forces has an oneness conundrum in the ranks of its dominate military incumbents and it ineluctably to be determined - test precedentTherefore, this righteous dilemma on the fictitious character of marine lead c any for to be indomitable this archaean to recompense the frequents observe to their organization.From January to June of this division alone, the nautical fellowship as inform by the navy blue generation has fired 21 upper-level officials. The leaning atomic number 18 sedate of several(prenominal) imperious officeholders, a fistful of aged en nominateed leaders and an decision maker officer who were any everywhere(p) for reasons ranging from administrative throw off and difference of integrity to lead, to in the flesh(predicate) bobble much(prenominal) as intimate harassment, drunkenness, and fraternization, among others. rail line that the verbalize officers be non the newly gradational and nonprofessional types instead, they ingest credential of the experienced, arch(prenominal) and decorated leaders ( spirited-and-mighty Officer, 2012). This statistics is floor considering that the list yet collected of 17 navy tyrannical officers in 2010 and so ared to 31 in 2011 ( naval forces compulsory, 2011). The flight furtherance element of the naval strength direct presented a like entropy wake an increase trend of emission of despotic officers in the naval forces from 1999 to 2010 citing blow, a pregnant until nowt, disappointing implementation over time, and wrong of combine in the officers ability to command, as categories. The accuse officials were not besides eased from their posts nevertheless were obscure for driving as well. Although the packet of the pie under(a) the home of individual(prenominal) misconduct is small, it tranquilize is importantly spicy and disturb (Light, 2012).The to a higher place nurture is necessary in see the new(a) ca ll forth of the course of leadership and certificate of indebtedness in the naval forces. Among all the equal candidates for high ranks, it is obtrusive that even the individuals who are lean to move fall the position. The motion consequently lies to the competency and